Alternatives To Traits

Personal Stories and Narrative

• Dan McAdams
• Fassbender, K., Wiebe, A., & Bates, T. C. (2019). Physical and Cultural Inheritance Enhance Agency, but What are the Origins of this Concern to Establish a Legacy? A Nationally-Representative Twin Study of Erikson's Concept of Generativity. Behav Genet, 49(2), 244-257. doi:10.1007/s10519-018-9943-x

Learning orientation

• Li, Y., & Bates, T. C. (2019). You can't change your basic ability, but you work at things, and that's how we get hard things done: Testing the role of growth mindset on response to setbacks, educational attainment, and cognitive ability. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 148(9), 1640-1655. doi:10.1037/xge0000669
• Yeager, D. S., Hanselman, P., Walton, G. M., Murray, J. S., Crosnoe, R., Muller, C., … Dweck, C. S. (2019). A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement. Nature, 573(7774), 364-369. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1466-y
• https://slatestarcodex.com/tag/growth-mindset/

Unconscious influences

• Claimed semantic priming effects, e.g. of money but see Pashler paper:
• Rohrer, D., Pashler, H., & Harris, C. R. (2015). Do subtle reminders of money change people's political views? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(4), e73-85. doi:10.1037/xge0000058

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

• Piff (2012) (not replicated)

Various ideas in Blink etc

Practice not talent/"10,000 hours"

• Simons, D. J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., Gathercole, S. E., Chabris, C. F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. (2016). Do "Brain-Training" Programs Work? Psychol Sci Public Interest, 17(3), 103-186. doi:10.1177/1529100616661983
• Macnamara, B. N., Hambrick, D. Z., & Moreau, D. (2016). How Important Is Deliberate Practice? Reply to Ericsson (2016). Perspect Psychol Sci, 11(3), 355-358. doi:10.1177/1745691616635614

Macnamara, B. N., Moreau, D., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2016). The Relationship Between Deliberate Practice and Performance in Sports: A Meta-Analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci, 11(3), 333-350. doi:10.1177/1745691616635591 [link http://pps.sagepub.com/content/11/3/333.abstract]

• Ullen, F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Mosing, M. A. (2016). Rethinking expertise: A multifactorial gene-environment interaction model of expert performance. Psychological Bulletin, 142(4), 427-446. doi:10.1037/bul0000033
• https://theconversation.com/theres-more-than-practice-to-becoming-a-world-class-expert-60430
• https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2016/03/26/beyond-hour-rule-experts-disagree-about-value-practice/jYrsmvBqFqdddVa3lKDGnO/story.html
• http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/practice-doesnt-make-perfect